Android Introduction

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This PDF contains an overview of Android, its history, versions, features and architecture.

Alok / Mumbai

8 years of teaching experience

Qualification: B.Tech/B.E. (RGPV, Bhopal - 2014)

Teaches: Computer, IT, CSS Training, HTML Training, Web Designing, Web Development, MBA Entrance, C / C++, C# (C Sharp), Java And J2EE, Visual Basic, Android Training, AJAX Training, Java Script

  1. Chapter 1. Android App Development Presentation by Abk Gupta Lecture Agenda : Introduction to Android
  2. What is Android? Android is n open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobi e devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android wa%developed by the Open Handset Presentation by Abk Gupta Alliance, led by Google, and ot er companies. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run o different devices powered by Android.
  3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Why Android? Reduced cost of development Open Source Inter app integration Presentation by Abk Gupta Larger developer and commu 'It)/ reach Increased marketing Higher success ratio Rich development environment & easy adoption. Multiple Sales Channel
  4. Reduced cost of development Android comparatively has a low barrier to entry. Android provides freely 'IWSoftware Development Kit (SDK) to the developer community which minimizes the development and Presentation by Abk Gupta licensing costs. The development costs can be divided into three stages: Stage#l — application development/ Stage#2 — testing, and Stage#3 hardware cost for testing and deploying the android mobile application.
  5. Open Source Get the open sou ce advantage from licensing, royalty-free, and the best technology framework offered by the Android community. The architecture of the Android SDK is open-source which means you Presentation by Abk Gupta can actually interact with the community for the upcoming expansions of android mobile app ication development. This is what makes the Android platform very attractive for handset manufacturers & wireless operators, which results in a faster development of Android based phones, and better opportunitie for developers to earn more. That's the magic of Android.
  6. Easy app integration If you are looking for complex technical customization and integration of a eb application or just a smartphone application you already have? Yes. Then an android app can Presentation by Abk Gupta be the right solution for you. he entire platform is ready for customization. You can integrate nd tweak the mobile app according to your business need. Android is the best mobile platform between the application and processes architecture. Most of the platforms allow background processes helpi you to integrate the apps.
  7. Multiple Sales Channels Unlike other mobile platforms, Android applications can be deployed in different ways. You do not have to rely on a single market to distribute you applications. You can use third-party Presentation by Abk Gupta application marketplace (especiall In Google Android Market)/ but you can also form your own distribution and sales channel: applications for vertical markets, to develop new application stores, and also place it on your website. You build it/ you publish it. With your choice of promotional strategy, you can reach your end user through multiple channels.
  8. Easy Adoption Android applications are scripted in Java language with the help of a rich set of libraries. Anyone can build Android applications with the knowledge of Java. Accordinq to a recent survey, a lot Presentation by Abk Gupta of Java programmers find it eas to adopt and script code for mobile applications in the Android OS. It is now very beneficial for Java developers to transition the cod script into a mobile application, and can also implement android application development services in the app.
  9. History The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android alpha in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in Septemoer 40k Raroid is continually developed by Google and the Ope Handset Alliance (OHA)/ and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release. First commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
  10. Versions of Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Cupcake Donut Eclairs Froyo Gingerbread Ice Cream Sandwich KitKat Honeycomb Jellybean Marshmallow Lollypop
  11. API Level an framework API platform. Levels integer value that uniquely identifies the vision offered by a version of the Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Version 5.1.x 5.0.o-5.o.2 4.4.0-4.4.4 4.3.x 4.2.x 4.1.x 4.0.3-4.0.4 2.3.3-2.3.7 2.2 Code Lollipop KitKat name Jelly Bean Ice Cream Sandwich Gingerbread Froyo Release date March 9, 2015 November 3, 2014 October 31, 2013 July 24, 2013 November 13, 2012 July 9, 2012 December 16, 2011 February 9, 2011 May 20, 2010 API level 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 10 8 Distribution 0.8% 11.6% 39.2% 17.5% 14.7% 5.1% 5.6% 0.3% LOIlipop (12.4%) KitKat (39.2%) ÜJelly Bean (37.4%) Ice Cream Sandwich Gingerbread (5.6%) C] Froyo (0.3%)
  12. Architecture Home Activity Manager Package Manager Surface Manager OpenGL I ES SGL Display Driver Keypad Driver Contacts Applications Phone Browser Application Framework Window Manager Content Providers View System Telephony Manager Libraries Media Framework FreeType Resource Manager SQLite WebKit libc Linux Kernel Location Manager Notification Manager Android Runtime: Core Libraries Datvik Virtual Machine Camera Driver WiFi Driver Flash Memory Driver Audio Drivers Binder (IPC) Driver Power Management Ptesentation by Abk Gupta
  13. Linux kernel At the botto of the layers is Linux Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all Presentation by Abk Gupta the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad/ display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
  14. Libraries On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web b owser engine Webl
  15. Android Libraries This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user Interface building, graphics drawing and Presentation by Abk Gupta database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is s follows - android.app - Provides access to the app cation model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications. Facilitates content access, publishing an android.content messaging between applications and application components
  16. android.database - Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes. android.opengl - A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API. android.os Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication. Presentation by Abk Gupta android.text - Used to render and manipulate text on a device display. android.view - The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces. android.widget - A rich collection of pre-built user Interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc. android.webkit - A set of classes intended to allow web-br sing capabilities to be built into applications.
  17. Android Runtime This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specia ly designed and optimized for Android. The Dalvik VM makes like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.
  18. Application Framework The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these Presentation by Abk Gupta services in their applications. The Android framework includes the following key services - Activity Manager - Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
  19. Content Providers - Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications. Resource Manager - Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts. Presentation by Abk Gupta Notifications Manager - Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user. View System - An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
  20. Applications You will find Il the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applic tions are Contacts Books, Browser, Presentation by Abk Gupta Games etc.
  21. Android Core Building Blocks Intent Activity Broadcast Receiver Service Content Provider Ptesentation by Abk Gupta
  22. A android component is simply a piece of code that has a well ed life cycle e.g. Receiver, Service etc. The core building blocks or fundamental components of android are activities, views, intents, services, content Presentation by Abk Gupta providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml. Activity An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.
  23. View A view the UI element such as button, label/ text field etc. Anything thaV ou see is a view. Intent Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to: Presentation by Abk Gupta Start the service Launch an activity Display a web page Display a list of contacts Broadcast a message Dial a phone call etc.
  24. Service Service is a background process that can run for a long time. There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed fronn within the application whereas Presentation by Abk Gupta remote service is accessed re otely from other applications running on the same device.
  25. Content Provider Content Providers are used to share data between the applications. Presentation by Abk Gupta Fragment Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time.
  26. AndroidManifest,xml It contains formation about activities, content providers, permissions etc. t is like the web.xml file in Java EE. Presentation by Abk Gupta Android Virtual Device (AVD) It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It can be cre ted in different configurations to emulate different types of real devices.
  27. Rjava file Android R.java is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) that contains resource IDs for all the resources of res/ director . Presentation by Abk Gupta If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, 'Id for the corresponding component is automatically created in this file. This 'Id can be used in the activity source file to perform any action on the component.
  28. 1. 2. Finding Rjava It includes lot of static nested classes such as menu, 'Idl layout/ attr, dra able, string etc. Path of file is : Presentation by Abk Gupta Project/app/build/generated/sour e/r/debug/com.android.'proj ectname'/R.java
  29. Hiding the title bar(ActionBar) getSupportActionBar() method is used to this. @Override Presentation by Abk Gupta protected void onCreate(Bundle savedlnstanceState) < super.onCreate(savedlnstanceState);
  30. Screen Orientation Screen orientation defines how a particular activity is going to be shown on a device. W define this attribute in AndroidManifest.xml file for each activity. Below are the possible values : Presentation by Abk Gupta Unspecified — It takes automatically the orientation of screen depending on how user has kept the d vice. This is default value. Portrait — It will always show the activity in Portrait mode, will not rotate activity according to device orientation. Landscape - It will always show the activity in landscape mode, wi I not rotate activity according to device orientation
  31. Presentation by Abk Gupta END OF LECTURE
  32. Chapter 1. Android App Development Presentation by Abk Gupta Lecture Agenda : Introduction to Android
  33. What is Android? Android is n open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobi e devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Presentation by Abk Gupta Alliance, led by Google, and ot er companies. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run o different devices powered by Android.
  34. Chapter 1. Android App Development Presentation by Abk Gupta Lecture Agenda : Introduction to Android
  35. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Why Android? Reduced cost of development Open Source Inter app integration Presentation by Abk Gupta Larger developer and commu ity reach Increased marketing Higher success ratio Rich development environment & easy adoption. Multiple Sales Channel
  36. What is Android? Android is n open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobi e devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Presentation by Abk Gupta Alliance, led by Google, and ot er companies. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run o different devices powered by Android.
  37. Reduced cost of development Android comparatively has a low barrier to entry. Android provides freely its Software Development Kit (SDK) to the developer community which minimizes the development and Presentation by Abk Gupta licensing costs. The development costs can be divided into three stages: Stage#l — application development, Stage#2 — hardware cost for testing and testing, and Stage#3 deploying the android mobile application.
  38. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Why Android? Reduced cost of development Open Source Inter app integration Presentation by Abk Gupta Larger developer and commu ity reach Increased marketing Higher success ratio Rich development environment & easy adoption. Multiple Sales Channel
  39. Open Source Get the open sou ce advantage from licensing, royalty-free, and the best technology framework offered by the Android community. The architecture of the Android SDK is open-source which means you Presentation by Abk Gupta can actually interact with the community for the upcoming expansions of android mobile app Ication development. This is what makes the Android platform very attractive for handset manufacturers & wireless operators, which results in a faster development of Android based phones, and better opportunitie for developers to earn more. That's the magic of Android.
  40. Reduced cost of development Android comparatively has a low barrier to entry. Android provides freely its Software Development Kit (SDK) to the developer community which minimizes the development and Presentation by Abk Gupta licensing costs. The development costs can be divided into three stages: Stage#l — application development, Stage#2 — hardware cost for testing and testing, and Stage#3 deploying the android mobile application.
  41. Easy app integration If you are looking for complex technical customization and integration of a eb application or just a smartphone application you already have? Yes. Then an android app can Presentation by Abk Gupta be the right solution for you. The entire platform is ready for customization. You can integrate d tweak the mobile app according to your business need. Android is the best mobile platform between the application and processes architecture. Most of the platforms allow background processes helpi you to integrate the apps.
  42. Open Source Get the open sou ce advantage from licensing, royalty-free, and the best technology framework offered by the Android community. The architecture of the Android SDK is open-source which means you Presentation by Abk Gupta can actually interact with the community for the upcoming expansions of android mobile app Ication development. This is what makes the Android platform very attractive for handset manufacturers & wireless operators, which results in a faster development of Android based phones, and better opportunitie for developers to earn more. That's the magic of Android.
  43. Easy app integration If you are looking for complex technical customization and integration of a eb application or just a smartphone application you already have? Yes. Then an android app can Presentation by Abk Gupta be the right solution for you. The entire platform is ready for customization. You can integrate d tweak the mobile app according to your business need. Android is the best mobile platform between the application and processes architecture. Most of the platforms allow background processes helpi you to integrate the apps.
  44. Multiple Sales Channels Unlike other mobile platforms, Android applications can be deployed in different ways. You do not have to rely on a single market to distribute your applications. You can use third-party Presentation by Abk Gupta application marketplace (especially In Google Android Market), but you can also form your own distribution and sales channel: applications for vertical markets, to develop new application stores, and also place it on your website. You build it, you publish it. With your choice of promotional strategy, you can reach your end user through multiple channels.
  45. Easy Adoption Android applications are scripted in Java language with the help of a rich set of libraries. Anyone can build Android applications with the knowledge of Java. Accordinq to a recent survey, a lot Presentation by Abk Gupta of Java programmers find it eas to adopt and script code for mobile applications in the Android OS. It is now very beneficial for Java developers to transition the cod script into a mobile application, and can also implement android application development services in the app.
  46. Multiple Sales Channels Unlike other mobile platforms, Android applications can be deployed in different ways. You do not have to rely on a single market to distribute your applications. You can use third-party Presentation by Abk Gupta application marketplace (especially In Google Android Market), but you can also form your own distribution and sales channel: applications for vertical markets, to develop new application stores, and also place it on your website. You build it, you publish it. With your choice of promotional strategy, you can reach your end user through multiple channels.
  47. Easy Adoption Android applications are scripted in Java language with the help of a rich set of libraries. Anyone can build Android applications with the knowledge of Java. Accordinq to a recent survey, a lot Presentation by Abk Gupta of Java programmers find it eas to adopt and script code for mobile applications in the Android OS. It is now very beneficial for Java developers to transition the cod script into a mobile application, and can also implement android application development services in the app.
  48. History The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android alpha in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, Raroid is continually was released in Septemoer zu developed by Google and the Ope Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release. First commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
  49. Versions of Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Cupcake Donut Eclairs Gingerbread Ice Cream Sandwich KitKat Froyo Honeycomb Jellybean Marshmallow Lollypop
  50. History The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android alpha in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, Raroid is continually was released in Septemoer zu developed by Google and the Ope Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release. First commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
  51. Levels API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API platform. revision offered by a version of the Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Version e 5.1.x 5.0.o-5.o.2 4.4.0-4.4.4 4.3.x 4.2.x 4.1.x 2.3.3-2.3.7 2.2 Code name Lollipop KitKat Jelly Bean Ice Cream Sandwich Gingerbread Froyo Release date e March 9, 2015 November 3, 2014 October 31, 2013 July 24, 2013 November 13, 2012 July 9, 2012 December 16, 2011 February 9, 2011 May 20, 2010 API level e 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 10 8 Distribution e 0.8% 11.6% 39.2% 5.2% 17.5% 14.7% 5.1% 5.6% 0.3% LOIlipop (12.4%) o KitKat (39.2%) OJellY Bean (37.4%) o Ice Cream Sandwich (5.1%) Gingerbread (5.6%) Froyo (0.3%)
  52. Versions of Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Cupcake Donut Eclairs Gingerbread Ice Cream Sandwich KitKat Froyo Honeycomb Jellybean Marshmallow Lollypop
  53. Architecture Home Activity Manager Package Manager Surface Manager OpenGL ES SGL Keypad Driver Contacts Applications Phone Browser Application Framework Window Manager Content Providers View System Telephony Manager Libraries Media Framework FreeType SS L Resource Manager SQLite WebKit libc Linux Kernel Location Manager Notification Manager Android Runtime. Core Libraries Datvik Virtual Machine Camera Driver WiFi Driver Flash Memory Driver Audio Drivers Binder UPC) Driver Power Management Presentation by Abk Gupta
  54. Levels API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API platform. revision offered by a version of the Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Version e 5.1.x 5.0.o-5.o.2 4.4.0-4.4.4 4.3.x 4.2.x 4.1.x 2.3.3-2.3.7 2.2 Code name Lollipop KitKat Jelly Bean Ice Cream Sandwich Gingerbread Froyo Release date e March 9, 2015 November 3, 2014 October 31, 2013 July 24, 2013 November 13, 2012 July 9, 2012 December 16, 2011 February 9, 2011 May 20, 2010 API level e 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 10 8 Distribution e 0.8% 11.6% 39.2% 5.2% 17.5% 14.7% 5.1% 5.6% 0.3% LOIlipop (12.4%) o KitKat (39.2%) OJellY Bean (37.4%) o Ice Cream Sandwich (5.1%) Gingerbread (5.6%) Froyo (0.3%)
  55. Linux kernel At the bottom of the layers is Linux Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all Presentation by Abk Gupta the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
  56. Architecture Home Activity Manager Package Manager Surface Manager OpenGL ES SGL Keypad Driver Contacts Applications Phone Browser Application Framework Window Manager Content Providers View System Telephony Manager Libraries Media Framework FreeType SS L Resource Manager SQLite WebKit libc Linux Kernel Location Manager Notification Manager Android Runtime. Core Libraries Datvik Virtual Machine Camera Driver WiFi Driver Flash Memory Driver Audio Drivers Binder UPC) Driver Power Management Presentation by Abk Gupta
  57. Libraries On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine Webl
  58. Linux kernel At the bottom of the layers is Linux Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all Presentation by Abk Gupta the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
  59. Android Libraries This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user Interface building, graphics drawing and Presentation by Abk Gupta database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is s follows - android.app - Provides access to the app ication model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications. android.content Facilitates content access, publishing an messaging between applications and application components
  60. Libraries On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine Webl
  61. android.database - Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes. android.opengl - A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API. android.os Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication. Presentation by Abk Gupta android.text - Used to render and manipulate text on a device display. android.view - The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces. android.widget - A rich collection of pre-built user Interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc. android.webkit - A set of classes intended to allow web-br sing capabilities to be built into applications.
  62. Chapter 1. Android App Development Presentation by Abk Gupta Lecture Agenda : Introduction to Android
  63. Android Libraries This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user Interface building, graphics drawing and Presentation by Abk Gupta database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is s follows - android.app - Provides access to the app ication model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications. android.content Facilitates content access, publishing an messaging between applications and application components
  64. Android Runtime This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. The Dalvil < VM makes like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.
  65. What is Android? Android is n open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobi e devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Presentation by Abk Gupta Alliance, led by Google, and ot er companies. Developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run o different devices powered by Android.
  66. android.database - Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes. android.opengl - A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API. android.os Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication. Presentation by Abk Gupta android.text - Used to render and manipulate text on a device display. android.view - The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces. android.widget - A rich collection of pre-built user Interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc. android.webkit - A set of classes intended to allow web-br sing capabilities to be built into applications.
  67. Application Framework The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these Presentation by Abk Gupta services in their applications. The Android framework includes the following key services - Activity Manager - Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
  68. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Why Android? Reduced cost of development Open Source Inter app integration Presentation by Abk Gupta Larger developer and commu ity reach Increased marketing Higher success ratio Rich development environment & easy adoption. Multiple Sales Channel
  69. Content Providers - Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications. Resource Manager - Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts. Presentation by Abk Gupta Notifications Manager - Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user. View System - An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
  70. Reduced cost of development Android comparatively has a low barrier to entry. Android provides freely its Software Development Kit (SDK) to the developer community which minimizes the development and Presentation by Abk Gupta licensing costs. The development costs can be divided into three stages: Stage#l — application development, Stage#2 — hardware cost for testing and testing, and Stage#3 deploying the android mobile application.
  71. Android Runtime This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. The Dalvil < VM makes like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.
  72. Applications You will find Il the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Presentation by Abk Gupta Games etc.
  73. Application Framework The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these Presentation by Abk Gupta services in their applications. The Android framework includes the following key services - Activity Manager - Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
  74. Open Source Get the open sou ce advantage from licensing, royalty-free, and the best technology framework offered by the Android community. The architecture of the Android SDK is open-source which means you Presentation by Abk Gupta can actually interact with the community for the upcoming expansions of android mobile app Ication development. This is what makes the Android platform very attractive for handset manufacturers & wireless operators, which results in a faster development of Android based phones, and better opportunitie for developers to earn more. That's the magic of Android.
  75. Android Core Building Blocks Intent Activity Broadcast Receiver Service Content Provider Presentation by Abk Gupta
  76. Content Providers - Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications. Resource Manager - Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts. Presentation by Abk Gupta Notifications Manager - Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user. View System - An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
  77. An android component is simply a piece of code that has a well defi ed life cycle e.g. Activity, Receiver, Service etc. The core building blocks or fundamental components of android are activities, vie s, intents, services, content Presentation by Abk Gupta providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml. Activity An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame AWL
  78. Easy app integration If you are looking for complex technical customization and integration of a eb application or just a smartphone application you already have? Yes. Then an android app can Presentation by Abk Gupta be the right solution for you. The entire platform is ready for customization. You can integrate d tweak the mobile app according to your business need. Android is the best mobile platform between the application and processes architecture. Most of the platforms allow background processes helpi you to integrate the apps.
  79. View A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything thaV ou see is a view. Intent Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to: Presentation by Abk Gupta Start the service Launch an activity Display a web page Display a list of contacts Broadcast a message Dial a phone call etc.
  80. Applications You will find Il the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Presentation by Abk Gupta Games etc.
  81. Multiple Sales Channels Unlike other mobile platforms, Android applications can be deployed in different ways. You do not have to rely on a single market to distribute your applications. You can use third-party Presentation by Abk Gupta application marketplace (especially In Google Android Market), but you can also form your own distribution and sales channel: applications for vertical markets, to develop new application stores, and also place it on your website. You build it, you publish it. With your choice of promotional strategy, you can reach your end user through multiple channels.
  82. Android Core Building Blocks Intent Activity Broadcast Receiver Service Content Provider Presentation by Abk Gupta
  83. Service Service is a background process that can run for a long time. There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from within the application whereas Presentation by Abk Gupta remote service is accessed re otely from other applications running on the same device.
  84. Easy Adoption Android applications are scripted in Java language with the help of a rich set of libraries. Anyone can build Android applications with the knowledge of Java. Accordinq to a recent survey, a lot Presentation by Abk Gupta of Java programmers find it eas to adopt and script code for mobile applications in the Android OS. It is now very beneficial for Java developers to transition the cod script into a mobile application, and can also implement android application development services in the app.
  85. Content Provider Content Providers are used to share data between the applications. Presentation by Abk Gupta Fragment Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time.
  86. An android component is simply a piece of code that has a well defi ed life cycle e.g. Activity, Receiver, Service etc. The core building blocks or fundamental components of android are activities, vie s, intents, services, content Presentation by Abk Gupta providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml. Activity An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame AWL
  87. History The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android alpha in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, Raroid is continually was released in Septemoer zu developed by Google and the Ope Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release. First commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.
  88. AndroidManifest.xml It contains information about activities, content providers, permissions etc. t is like the web.xml file in Java EE. Presentation by Abk Gupta Android Virtual Device (AVD) It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of rea devices.
  89. View A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything thaV ou see is a view. Intent Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to: Presentation by Abk Gupta Start the service Launch an activity Display a web page Display a list of contacts Broadcast a message Dial a phone call etc.
  90. Versions of Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Cupcake Donut Eclairs Gingerbread Ice Cream Sandwich KitKat Froyo Honeycomb Jellybean Marshmallow Lollypop
  91. Rjava file Android R.java is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) that contains resource IDs for all the resources of res/ directory. Presentation by Abk Gupta If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, id for the corresponding component is automatically created in this file. This (d can be used in the activity source file to perform any action on the component.
  92. Service Service is a background process that can run for a long time. There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from within the application whereas Presentation by Abk Gupta remote service is accessed re otely from other applications running on the same device.
  93. 1. 2. Finding Rjava It includes a lot of static nested classes such as menu, idl layout, attr, drawable, string etc. Path of file is : Presentation by Abk Gupta Project/app/build/generated/source/r/debug/com.android.'proj ectname'/R.java
  94. Levels API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API platform. revision offered by a version of the Android Presentation by Abk Gupta Version e 5.1.x 5.0.o-5.o.2 4.4.0-4.4.4 4.3.x 4.2.x 4.1.x 2.3.3-2.3.7 2.2 Code name Lollipop KitKat Jelly Bean Ice Cream Sandwich Gingerbread Froyo Release date e March 9, 2015 November 3, 2014 October 31, 2013 July 24, 2013 November 13, 2012 July 9, 2012 December 16, 2011 February 9, 2011 May 20, 2010 API level e 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 10 8 Distribution e 0.8% 11.6% 39.2% 5.2% 17.5% 14.7% 5.1% 5.6% 0.3% LOIlipop (12.4%) o KitKat (39.2%) OJellY Bean (37.4%) o Ice Cream Sandwich (5.1%) Gingerbread (5.6%) Froyo (0.3%)
  95. Content Provider Content Providers are used to share data between the applications. Presentation by Abk Gupta Fragment Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time.
  96. Architecture Home Activity Manager Package Manager Surface Manager OpenGL ES SGL Keypad Driver Contacts Applications Phone Browser Application Framework Window Manager Content Providers View System Telephony Manager Libraries Media Framework FreeType SS L Resource Manager SQLite WebKit libc Linux Kernel Location Manager Notification Manager Android Runtime. Core Libraries Datvik Virtual Machine Camera Driver WiFi Driver Flash Memory Driver Audio Drivers Binder UPC) Driver Power Management Presentation by Abk Gupta
  97. Hiding the title bar(ActionBar) getSupportActionBar() method is used to this. @Override Presentation by Abk Gupta protected void onCreate(Bundle savedlnstanceState) < super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  98. Linux kernel At the bottom of the layers is Linux Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all Presentation by Abk Gupta the essential hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
  99. AndroidManifest.xml It contains information about activities, content providers, permissions etc. t is like the web.xml file in Java EE. Presentation by Abk Gupta Android Virtual Device (AVD) It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of rea devices.
  100. Screen Orientation Screen orientation defines how a particular activity is going to be shown on a device. W define this attribute in AndroidManifest.xml file for each activity. Below are the possible values : Presentation by Abk Gupta Unspecified — It takes automatically the orientation of screen depending on how user has kept the d vice. This is default value. Portrait — It will always show the activity in Portrait mode, will not rotate activity according to device orientation. Landscape - It will always show the activity in landscape mode, I not rotate activity according to device orientation
  101. Presentation by Abk Gupta END OF LECTURE
  102. Libraries On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine Webl
  103. Rjava file Android R.java is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) that contains resource IDs for all the resources of res/ directory. Presentation by Abk Gupta If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, id for the corresponding component is automatically created in this file. This (d can be used in the activity source file to perform any action on the component.
  104. 1. 2. Finding Rjava It includes a lot of static nested classes such as menu, idl layout, attr, drawable, string etc. Path of file is : Presentation by Abk Gupta Project/app/build/generated/source/r/debug/com.android.'proj ectname'/R.java
  105. Android Libraries This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework libraries in addition to those that facilitate user Interface building, graphics drawing and Presentation by Abk Gupta database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is s follows - android.app - Provides access to the app ication model and is the cornerstone of all Android applications. android.content Facilitates content access, publishing an messaging between applications and application components
  106. Hiding the title bar(ActionBar) getSupportActionBar() method is used to this. @Override Presentation by Abk Gupta protected void onCreate(Bundle savedlnstanceState) < super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  107. android.database - Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite database management classes. android.opengl - A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API. android.os Provides applications with access to standard operating system services including messages, system services and inter-process communication. Presentation by Abk Gupta android.text - Used to render and manipulate text on a device display. android.view - The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces. android.widget - A rich collection of pre-built user Interface components such as buttons, labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc. android.webkit - A set of classes intended to allow web-br sing capabilities to be built into applications.
  108. Screen Orientation Screen orientation defines how a particular activity is going to be shown on a device. W define this attribute in AndroidManifest.xml file for each activity. Below are the possible values : Presentation by Abk Gupta Unspecified — It takes automatically the orientation of screen depending on how user has kept the d vice. This is default value. Portrait — It will always show the activity in Portrait mode, will not rotate activity according to device orientation. Landscape - It will always show the activity in landscape mode, I not rotate activity according to device orientation
  109. Presentation by Abk Gupta END OF LECTURE
  110. Android Runtime This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. The Dalvil < VM makes like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.
  111. Application Framework The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these Presentation by Abk Gupta services in their applications. The Android framework includes the following key services - Activity Manager - Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
  112. Content Providers - Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications. Resource Manager - Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user interface layouts. Presentation by Abk Gupta Notifications Manager - Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user. View System - An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
  113. Applications You will find Il the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Presentation by Abk Gupta Games etc.
  114. Android Core Building Blocks Intent Activity Broadcast Receiver Service Content Provider Presentation by Abk Gupta
  115. An android component is simply a piece of code that has a well defi ed life cycle e.g. Activity, Receiver, Service etc. The core building blocks or fundamental components of android are activities, vie s, intents, services, content Presentation by Abk Gupta providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml. Activity An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame AWL
  116. View A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything thaV ou see is a view. Intent Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to: Presentation by Abk Gupta Start the service Launch an activity Display a web page Display a list of contacts Broadcast a message Dial a phone call etc.
  117. Service Service is a background process that can run for a long time. There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from within the application whereas Presentation by Abk Gupta remote service is accessed re otely from other applications running on the same device.
  118. Content Provider Content Providers are used to share data between the applications. Presentation by Abk Gupta Fragment Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time.
  119. AndroidManifest.xml It contains information about activities, content providers, permissions etc. t is like the web.xml file in Java EE. Presentation by Abk Gupta Android Virtual Device (AVD) It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of rea devices.
  120. Rjava file Android R.java is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) that contains resource IDs for all the resources of res/ directory. Presentation by Abk Gupta If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, id for the corresponding component is automatically created in this file. This (d can be used in the activity source file to perform any action on the component.
  121. 1. 2. Finding Rjava It includes a lot of static nested classes such as menu, idl layout, attr, drawable, string etc. Path of file is : Presentation by Abk Gupta Project/app/build/generated/source/r/debug/com.android.'proj ectname'/R.java
  122. Hiding the title bar(ActionBar) getSupportActionBar() method is used to this. @Override Presentation by Abk Gupta protected void onCreate(Bundle savedlnstanceState) < super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  123. Screen Orientation Screen orientation defines how a particular activity is going to be shown on a device. W define this attribute in AndroidManifest.xml file for each activity. Below are the possible values : Presentation by Abk Gupta Unspecified — It takes automatically the orientation of screen depending on how user has kept the d vice. This is default value. Portrait — It will always show the activity in Portrait mode, will not rotate activity according to device orientation. Landscape - It will always show the activity in landscape mode, I not rotate activity according to device orientation
  124. Presentation by Abk Gupta END OF LECTURE

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